AP and the Digestive / Gastrointestinal Tract
STOMACH/DIAPHRAGM
Chen_Y; Xiao D; Wang F; Cao Y; Ji J; Chen M (1992) [Effects of moxibustion on experimental gastric ulcer in rats]. Chen Tzu Yen Chiu 17(2):113-116. Dept of Physiol, Nantong Med Coll, Jiangsu, PRC. This study was designed to determine whether moxibustion at GV08 plays a role in protecting gastric mucosa in rats. The areas and histological changes of gastric ulcer were examined. Results: 1. Moxibustion pretreatment within 3 wk significantly prevented the formation of gastric ulcer; 2. As gastric ulcer had formed, moxibustion did not shorten the period of recovery of gastric ulcer. Moxibustion pretreatment at GV08 had a protective effect on gastric mucosa. After the experimental ulcer had formed, however, the moxibustion had little protective effect on it.
Chen_Y; Cao Y; Xiao D; Ceu C; Chen M (1993) [The relation between protective effect of moxibustion on gastric mucosa and mucus]. Chen Tzu Yen Chiu 18(4):300-304. Zhenjiang Med Coll, Jiangsu, PRC. Our previous works have proved that moxibustion at GV08 plays a role in protecting gastric mucosa in the experimental gastric ulcer model rat. The present studies are designed to determine whether the mechanisms of moxibustion protecting gastric mucosa are mediated by mucus. Results: Either before or after the experimental gastric ulcer model had formed, moxibustion treatment would markedly increase the ratio of PAS positive staining layer to total length of gastric gland (p <.05), and the combined gastric mucus of stomach (p <.05). These results are negatively correlated to gastric ulcer area and suggest that the mechanisms of moxibustion protection on gastric mucosa are mediated by mucus in the experimental gastric ulcer rat model.
Chen_Z (1994) Treatment of chronic gastritis with AP. JTCM Sep 14(3):233-235. Inst of AP, China Acad of TCM, Beijing, PRC.
Cheng_X (1992) [Effect of circadian rhythm on the action of AP to prevent the formation of experimental gastric ulcer]. Chen Tzu Yen Chiu 17(2):117-122. Dept of AP, Beijing Hospital of TCM. Taking rats and mice as subjects, observations were made on the action of AP to protect the gastric mucosa from experimental injury. The pH value (by accurate test paper), gastric acid output (by titration), the secretion of PG in gastric mucosa (by RIA) were observed altogether at 1-3h, 5-7h, 9-11h, 13-15h, 17-19h and 21-23h. All of the above indices were changed along with the alternation of day and night. And the effects of AP on these indices were different when giving AP at different times. The action of AP to prevent experimental gastric ulcer was also different at different times. In general, AP needling at the acro-phase (peak-time) of circadian rhythm has mainly an inhibitory effect, while AP the valley-phase (12 h from peak-time) has mainly an excitatory effect. Thus, choosing the optimum time to use AP, in accord with TCM concepts of the phases of circadian rhythm (the "Qi Clock"), may enhance the curative effect of AP.
Dill_SG (1992) AP for gastrointestinal disorders. Probl Vet Med Mar 4(1):144-154. AP is best known for its application to various musculoskeletal pain-producing diseases. AP is, however, used for a large variety of internal medical diseases in humans and other animals. This chapter reviews some of the published literature on the use of AP in gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, describes AP points useful for a variety of GI diseases, briefly reviews how TCM treats GI disease, and gives some case examples of how AP can be used in GI diseases.
Emel'ianenko-IV1; Serediuk-NN (1991) [AP and pharmacological repair agents in the combined treatment of peptic ulcer patients]. Vrach Delo Jul 7:56-58.
Emel'ianenko_IV2 (1991) The effect of AP on the psychosomatic status of peptic ulcer patients. Vrachebnoe Delo May 5:98-100 (Russian). Psychosomatic effects of AP treatment were studied in patients with peptic ulcers. A course of AP gave psychological rehabilitation of these patients and significantly improved the functional indices of the gastroduodenal system. AP may influence the pathogenesis and mechanisms of ulcer disease, and may normalize the cortico-hypothalamo-visceral relations.
Emel'ianenko_IV3; Orzheshkovskii VV (1992) [The theoretical bases and clinical efficacy of AP in peptic ulcer]. Vrach Delo Jan 1:69-72.
Kokurin_GV (1992) Autonomic disorders in the clinical picture of gastric and duodenal peptic ulcer and their AP reflexotherapy. Zhurnal Nevropatologii i Psikhiatrii Imeni SS Korsakova 92(5-12):9-10. In Russian. Patients with peptic (ST-SI) ulcer show diverse psychoautonomic disorders that complicate the course of the somatic disease. The following Syndromes were distinguished depending on the intensity of psychoautonomic disorders: asthenoneurotic, asthenohypochondriac, asthenodepressive and psychoautonomic with organic microsymptomatology. The use of laser-AP in multimodality therapy of peptic ulcer patients helps to correct autonomic disorders and normalise regenerative processes occurring in the gastroduodenal system.
Kravtsova_TIu; Rybolovlev EV; Kochurov AP (1994) The use of magnetic puncture in patients with duodenal peptic ulcer. Vopr Kurortol Fizioter Lech Fiz Kult Jan-Feb(1):22-24. 66 patients with duodenal ulcer had apparent shifts in psychoautonomic correlations. The patients underwent puncture with alternating magnetic field of active biological points responsible for general adaptation (ST36, LV14, GB20) and gastroduodenal function (ST20, GV09, GV08). The treatment improved emotional, personality and autonomic regulation. The symptoms declined and ulcer healed more rapidly.
Li_X; Yi J; Qi B (1990) Treatment of hiccough with Ear-AP and Ear-pressure: a report of 85 cases. JTCM Dec 10(4):257-259. Dept of TCM, First Teaching Hospital, Bethune Med College, PRC.
Liu_L6; Zhou L; Zhang D; Li J (1994) Effects of AP on antral G cells in patients with gastric disease. Chen Tzu Yen Chiu - AP Research 19(2):75-78. Dept of Physiology, Chin Acad of Med Sci, Beijing, PRC. AP is effective to treat human gastric (ST) disease. We have observed the effect of AP at CV12, PC06, ST36 on fluorohistochemical changes of G cells of antral mucosa in 42 patients with gastric disease. After AP treatment the amount of fluorescent G cells and the fluorescent intensity of gastrin in the G cells were obviously decreased in patients with duodenal ulcer, as compared with that before AP. However, the amount of G cells was increased by AP treatment in patients with chronic atrophic gastritis. AP may regulate G cell from abnormal to normal condition in gastric mucosa of gastric disease.
Lux_G (1994) [AP inhibits secretion of gastric acid: Prospective randomized study series with various AP procedures]. Fortschr Med 20 Nov 112(32):454.
Lux_G; Hagel J; Bõcker P; Bõcker G; Vogl R; Ruppin H; Domschke S; Domschke W (1994) AP inhibits vagal gastric acid secretion stimulated by sham feeding in healthy subjects [see comments]. Gut Aug 35(8):1026-1029. Dept of Med A, Univ of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany. In a prospective randomised study, the effect of AP on sham feeding stimulated gastric acid secretion was investigated. In 8 healthy volunteers (5 men, 3 women, mean (SEM) age 26.3 (4.7) yr) various methods of AP were performed. Apart from the sham procedure, the AP was performed at the classic AP points. EAP reduced gastric acid secretion expressed as median (range) significantly during the 1st 30-min period to 1.6 (0-5.2) mmol compared with 3.8 (2.3-14.5) mmol (p <.05) during control period (sham feeding without AP). Inhibition of gastric acid secretion by EAP was also significant during the 2nd 30-min period (0.2 (0-5.6) v 3.6 (0.3-9.1) mmol; p <.05) and for peak acid output (0.8 (0.2-5.1) v 7.6 (3.4-12.1) mmol; p <.05). TENS also significantly reduced of gastric acid secretion during the first 30-min period (1.0 (0-3.6) mmol v 3.8 (2.3-14.5) mmol; p <.05), and peak acid output (3.6 (1.2-12.0) v 7.6 (3.4-12.1) mmol; p <.05). The classic needle AP, laser-AP, and sham AP had no significant effect on gastric acid secretion. Only AP methods using pronounced stimulation (EAP, TENS) significantly reduced gastric acid secretion in healthy volunteers. Only AP at defined points was effective. Mild forms of AP stimulation (classic needle AP, laser-AP) was not effective.
Ma_C1; Liu Z (1994) Regulative effects of EAP on gastric hyperfunction induced by electrostimulation of the lateral hypothalamus area of rabbits. Chen Tzu Yen Chiu - AP Research 19(2):42-46. Inst of AP, Nanjing Coll of TCM. AP is used clinically to inhibit appetite, relieve hunger and reduce body weight in obese people. We studied the action of AP on gastric (ST) hyperactivity induced by the excitation of the lateral hypothalamus area (LHA, the feeding centre). We also researched the mechanism of the AP in inhibiting excessive appetite and reducing hunger in obesity. Gastric hyperactivity was induced by stimulation of LHA; EAP at ST36 or ST44 inhibited that hyperactivity (p<.05). Propranolol (0.3 mg/kg), a beta-blocker, inhibited the effect of EAP at ST36 to restrain hyperactivity of stomach triggered by excitation of the LHA. EAP inhibited for >/= 3 h the gastric hyperfunction caused by LHA-excitation, indicating that humoral factors are involved in the AP-effect. Since EAP at ST36 inhibits gastric hyperfunction caused by LHA-excitation, and that effect is inhibited by a beta-blocker, the anticholinergic effect of EAP is probably via the gastric beta-receptors.
Nam_TC; Cheong CK; Jo CH; Sung JK (1987) Effects of EAP on motility of the rumen and abomasum of goats. Korean J of Vet Research 27(1):127-135; 24 ref. Coll Vet Med, Nat Univ Seoul, Korea. EAP was performed in healthy goats and goats with induced hypocalcaemia using a current of 1 volt and 3 Hz at Tianping (+) and Baihui (-) for 30 min. EAP significantly increased amplitudes of rumen and abomasal motility in healthy goats but had little effect on rates of rumen and abomasal contractions. EAP effects lasted 10-30 min. In hypocalcaemic goats, rates of rumen and abomasal movements were not changed, amplitudes were reduced, but rumen and abomasum motility was not accelerated by EAP. Bethanechol chloride increased amplitudes of rumen motility. Ruminal contractions were not affected by EAP after atropine sulphate treatment.
Pan_C; Jin W; Shen D (1990) [An observation of protective effect of AP on the gastric mucosa of Wistar rats and the relative histochemical changes of the neurotransmitters]. Chen Tzu Yen Chiu 15(1):48-54. Inst of AP and Channels, Anhui Coll of TCM, Hefei, PRC. The histochemistry of cholinesterase and catecholamine was used to study changes of neurotransmitters and the protective effect of AP on gastric mucosa on 30 pairs of Wistar rats. 1. In gastric ulceration induced in rats by water-immersion, EAP had a statistically significant protective effect on gastric mucosa. 2. The protective effect of AP on gastric mucosa involves significant inhibition of both the cholinergic and adrenergic nerves.
Qi_Y (1993) Treatment of hiccough with AP on middle Sifeng (A 09). JTCM Sep 13(3):202. Provincial Inst of AP & Moxibustion, Shanxi Province, PRC.
Shi_T; Xu X; Lu X; Xing W (1994) AP at GB21 for treatment of achalasia of the cardia. JTCM Sep 14(3):174-179. Shanxi College of TCM, Taiyuan, PRC.
Tougas_G; Yuan LY; Radamaker JW; Chiverton SG; Hunt RH (1992) Effect of AP on gastric acid secretion in healthy male volunteers. Dig Dis Sci Oct 37(10):1576-1582. Div of Gastroenterol, McMaster Univ Med Ctr, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. 6 randomized, placebo controlled studies were performed to investigate the effect of EAP on gastric acid output in 38 healthy males. EAP decreased basal acid output when compared to placebo AP [from 3.50+0.59 mmol/hr to 2.54+0.56 mmol/hr (p <.05)] as well as sham feeding-stimulated acid output [from 18.52+2.25 mmol/hr to 5.38+2.11 mmol/hr (p <.005)], but had no effect on the pentagastrin stimulated acid output. The inhibitory effect of AP on sham feeding-stimulated acid output was not affected by local anaesthesia of the AP point, but was prevented by a prior iv naloxone injection. AP did not alter plasma gastrin levels (20.7+7.6 ug/L, v control 21.2+7.2 ug/L) but naloxone increased it (26.1+14.5 ug/L) (p <.05). We conclude that the antisecretory effects of EAP do not result from decreased gastrin release or decreased parietal cell sensitivity to gastrin, but are mediated through naloxone-sensitive opioid neural pathways and vagal efferent pathways.
Wu_H; Chen X (1990) [Effect of EAP of ST36 on unit discharges in the lateral hypothalamic area induced by stomach distension]. Chen Tzu Yen Chiu 15(3):194-196. Dept of Physiol Guilin Med Coll, Guongxi, PRC. Previous studies in our Lab have shown that some unit discharges of the neurons in Feeding Centre of the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) may be inhibited by distending stomach. The present study was performed to observe the effect of EAP at ST36 on the discharge-inhibitory reaction induced by distending stomach in rats. Among 52 unit discharges observed, 36 (69%) showed that EAP at ST36 abolished the inhibitory reaction induced by distending stomach. The durations of the effect range from 5-15 min. The somatic input from ST36 may influence the reactivity of Feeding Centre of LHA to the activity of stomach.
Xiang_L; Zhu F; Ma Y; Weng E; Tang G (1993) [Influences of AP on gastroduodenal mucosal lesion and electrical changes induced by stress in rats]. Chen Tzu Yen Chiu 18(1):53-57. Shuguang Hospital of Shanghai TCM Coll, PRC. Experiments were performed in 57 SD rats. The stress was induced by binding plus revolving (5.5 xg, 170 c/min, 10 min) or cold (0-4oC, 30-60 min). Selected AP points were ST36 and BL21. Bipolar Ag-AgCl recording electrodes were respectively implanted on the serous membrane surface of the antrum, duodenum and on the abdominal skin corresponding to above areas. Results: 1. 63.2% of the stress group showed a many bleeding points spreading over the gastroduodenal mucosal membrane. The area density of lesion was 16-28%. Microscopic findings were mucosal blood vessel dilatation and hyperaemia, gland cell swelling, villi broken and peeling off and lymph cell accumulating, etc. 84% showed clear inhibition of gastroduodenal electroactivity including lower amplitude of slow wave, lower frequency, disordered rhythm, reduced fast wave and prolonged IDMEC III cycle. 2. In the group of AP plus stress, only 16.7% showed bleeding or hyperaemia, and the lesion area density was only 1.7%. The pathohistological changes were obviously decreased. Gastroduodenal electrical changes were hardly seen (27%) or the inhibitory state above were significantly reduced (55%) when compared with the stress group. AP effectively reduced the mucosal lesion and the inhibition of gastric and duodenal electrical activity induced by stress in rats.
Zhang_J (1992) Treatment with AP at ST36 for epigastric pain in the elderly. JTCM Sep 12(3):178-179. Wuhan Hospital of TCM, PRC.
Zhao_J (1991) AP at Huatuojiaji (X 35) points for treatment of acute epigastric pain. JTCM Dec 11(4):258. Hedong Clinic, Qinhuangdao Harbour Hospital, PLC.